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The Application of Wearable Technology in Surgery: Ensuring the Positive Impact of the Wearable Revolution on Surgical Patients
Jesse A. Slade Shantz,Christian H. Veillette
Frontiers in Surgery , 2014, DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2014.00039
Abstract: Wearable technology has become an important trend in consumer electronics in the past year. The miniaturization and mass production of myriad sensors has made possible the integration of sensors and output devices in wearable platforms. Despite the consumer focus of the wearable revolution some surgical applications are being developed. These fall into augmentative, assistive and assessment functions and primarily layer onto current surgical workflows. Some challenges to the adoption of wearable technologies are discussed and a conceptual framework for understanding the potential of wearable technology to revolutionize surgical practice are presented.
Defects in Tendon, Ligament, and Enthesis in Response to Genetic Alterations in Key Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins: A Review
Subhash C. Juneja,Christian Veillette
Arthritis , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/154812
Abstract: This review summarizes the genetic alterations and knockdown approaches published in the literature to assess the role of key proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the structural development, function, and repair of tendon, ligament, and enthesis. The information was collected from (i) genetically altered mice, (ii) in vitro knockdown studies, (iii) genetic variants predisposition to injury, and (iv) human genetic diseases. The genes reviewed are for small leucine-rich proteoglycans (lumican, fibromodulin, biglycan, decorin, and asporin); dermatan sulfate epimerase (Dse) that alters structure of glycosaminoglycan and hence the function of small leucine-rich proteoglycans by converting glucuronic to iduronic acid; matricellular proteins (thrombospondin 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc), periostin, and tenascin X) including human tenascin C variants; and others, such as tenomodulin, leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1 (chondromodulin-I, ChM-I), CD44 antigen (Cd44), lubricin (Prg4), and aggrecan degrading gene, a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5 (Adamts5). Understanding these genes represents drug targets for disrupting pathological mechanisms that lead to tendinopathy, ligamentopathy, enthesopathy, enthesitis and tendon/ligament injury, that is, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. 1. Introduction 1.1. Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a core protein with one or more covalently attached GAG chain(s) at specific site(s) [1]. The GAG chains comprise disaccharide units composed of aminoglycan and uronic acid (glucuronic and or iduronic acid) [2]. The chains are long, linear carbohydrate polymers that are negatively charged under physiological conditions, due to the occurrence of sulfate and uronic acid groups. Proteoglycans occur in the connective tissue. Glycoproteins, on the other hand, are proteins that contain oligosaccharide glycans attached to polypeptide side chains covalently. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification via glycosylation. Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated [3]. In the proteins that have extracellular segments, those segments are also glycosylated. Glycoproteins are often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell-cell interactions. 1.2. Tendon, Ligament, and Enthesis A tendon is a compositionally complex tissue with a
Crowd Intelligence for the Classification of Fractures and Beyond
Joseph Bernstein, Joy S. Long, Christian Veillette, Jaimo Ahn
PLOS ONE , 2011, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027620
Abstract: Background Medical diagnosis, like all products of human cognition, is subject to error. We tested the hypothesis that errors of diagnosis in the realm of fracture classification can be reduced by a consensus (group) diagnosis; and that digital imaging and Internet access makes feasible the compilation of a diagnostic consensus in real time. Methods Twelve orthopaedic surgeons were asked to evaluate 20 hip radiographs demonstrating a femoral neck fracture. The surgeons were asked to determine if the fractures were displaced or not. Because no reference standard is available, the maximal accuracy of the diagnosis of displacement can be inferred from inter-observer reliability: if two readers disagree about displacement, one of them must be wrong. That method was employed here. Additionally, virtual reader groups of 3 and 5 individual members were amalgamated, with the response of those groups defined by majority vote. The purpose of this step was to see if increasing the number of readers would improve accuracy. In a second experiment, to study the feasibility of amassing a reader group on the Internet in real time, 40 volunteers were sent 10 periodic email requests to answer questions and their response times were assessed. Results The mean kappa coefficient for individual inter-observer reliability for the diagnosis of displacement was 0.69, comparable to prior published values. For 3-member virtual reader groups, inter-observer reliability was 0.77; and for 5-member groups, it was 0.80. In the experiment studying the feasibility of amassing a reader group in real time, the mean response time was 594 minutes. For all cases, a 9-member group (theoretically 99% accurate) was amassed in 135.8 minutes or less. Conclusions Consensus may improve diagnosis. Amassing a group for this purpose on the Internet is feasible.
Fyn Expression Predicates Both Protective Immunity and Onset of Autoimmunity  [PDF]
Behrouz Moemeni, Nathalie Vacaresse, Marina Vainder, Michael E. Wortzman, Tania H. Watts, André Veillette, Thomas F. Gajewski, Michael Julius
Open Journal of Immunology (OJI) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/oji.2015.55020
Abstract: Genomic disruption of Fyn has not been associated with an immune-deficient phenotype, notwithstanding the profound impairment in IL-2 production by T cells derived from Fyn-deficient animals observed in vitro. The results presented demonstrate that Fyn deficient animals succumb to influenza infection ahead of the protective expansion of lung infiltrating T cells and viral clearance observed in wild-type hosts. Formal proof that Fyn-dependent IL-2 production mediates T cell expansion in vivo is provided using a model of T cell induced enteropathy. Specifically, Fyn deficient naive T cells do not induce colitis in SCID animals due to their lack of expansion, and Fyn re-expression rescues both IL-2 production and its capacity to support in vivo expansion leading to colitis. These results reconcile the obligatory role of Fyn in T cell activation and autocrine IL-2 supported growth; and underscore the mechanism through which its function is integrated with and regulated by Lck.
Spin dynamics of the quasi two dimensional spin-1/2 quantum magnet Cs_2CuCl_4
Martin Y. Veillette,Andrew J. A. James,Fabian H. L. Essler
Physics , 2005, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.134429
Abstract: We study dynamical properties of the anisotropic triangular quantum antiferromagnet Cs_2CuCl_4. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements have established that the dynamical spin correlations cannot be understood within a linear spin wave analysis. We go beyond linear spin wave theory by taking interactions between magnons into account in a 1/S expansion. We determine the dynamical structure factor and carry out extensive comparisons with experimental data. We find that compared to linear spin wave theory a significant fraction of the scattering intensity is shifted to higher energies and strong scattering continua are present. However, the 1/S expansion fails to account for the experimentally observed large quantum renormalization of the exchange energies.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Mandible Shape of Neospondylis upiformis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)  [PDF]
Christian Hébert, Yves Dubuc
Advances in Entomology (AE) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/ae.2018.64018
Abstract: Sexes of adult Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) are usually discriminated by the greater length of male antennae. However, in Spondylidinae, adult antennae are short and the difference between sexes is negligible and difficult to appraise. Only two species belong to this subfamily in North America, one of these being Neospondylis upiformis (Mannerheim), a species rarely caught in eastern North America. Unexpectedly, we collected numerous specimens of Neospondylis upiformis on Anticosti Island, Quebec, which appears as a hotspot for this species in eastern Canada. We show that sexual dimorphism in the mandible shape of N. upiformis (Mannerheim) can be used to discriminate sexes. Females have robust mandibles with a sharp cutting inner edge while males have thin mandibles and a well-rounded inner edge. There was no overlap between sexes in all measures done on mandibles, showing that mandible shape was a reliable criterion for sexing N. upiformis. We also tested previously reported criteria using antennae, as well as other characteristics such as body size, and show that they can hardly discriminate between sexes in N. upiformis. We also present illustrations of male and female genitalia, which is rarely available for Cerambycidae.
Real-Time Detection of Unstable Control Loop Behavior in a Feedback Active Noise Cancellation System for In-Ear Headphones  [PDF]
Sven H？ber, Christian Pape, Eduard Reithmeier
Engineering (ENG) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2015.712069
Abstract: Active noise controls are used in a wide field of applications to cancel out unwanted surrounding noise. Control systems based on the feedback structure however have the disadvantage that they may become unstable during run-time due to changes in the control path—in this context including the listener’s ear. Especially when applied to active noise cancellation (ANC) headphones, the risk of instability is associated with the risk of harmful influence on the listener’s ear, which is exposed to the speaker in striking distance. This paper discusses several methods to enable the analysis of a feedback ANC system during run-time to immediately detect instability. Finally, a solution is proposed, which identifies the open loop behavior parametrically by means of an adaptive filter to subsequently evaluate the coefficients regarding stability.
Weak Ferromagnetism and Excitonic Condensates
M. Y. Veillette,L. Balents
Physics , 2001, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.014428
Abstract: We investigate a model of excitonic ordering (i.e electron-hole pair condensation) appropriate for the divalent hexaborides. We show that the inclusion of imperfectly nested electron hole Fermi surfaces can lead to the formation of an undoped excitonic metal phase. In addition, we find that weak ferromagnetism with compensated moments arises as a result of gapless excitations. We study the effect of the low lying excitations on the density of states, Fermi surface topology and optical conductivity and compare to available experimental data.
Elective Shoulder Surgery in the Opioid Na？ve: Rates of and Risk Factors for Long
Anthony A. Romeo,Avinesh Agarwalla,Bheeshma Ravi,Bryan M. Saltzman,Christian J. Veillette,Gregory L. Cvetanovich,Naomi Maldonado-Rodriguez,Nikhil N. Verma,Shelby A. Sumner,Timothy S. Leroux
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0363546519837516
Abstract: Little is known regarding the rates and risk factors for long-term postoperative opioid use among opioid-na？ve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery. To identify (1) the proportion of opioid-na？ve patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery, (2) the rates of postoperative opioid use among these patients, and (3) the risk factors associated with long-term postoperative opioid use. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. A retrospective review of a private administrative claims database was performed to identify those individuals who underwent elective shoulder surgery between 2007 and 2015. “Opioid-na？ve” patients were identified as those patients who had not filled an opioid prescription in the 180 days before the index surgery. Within this subgroup, we tracked postoperative opioid prescription refill rates and used a logistic regression to identify patient variables that were predictive for long-term opioid use, which we defined as continued opioid refills beyond 180 days after surgery. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs). Over the study period, 79,287 patients were identified who underwent elective shoulder surgery, of whom 79.5% were opioid na？ve. Among opioid-na？ve patients, the rate of postoperative opioid use declined over time, and 14.6% of patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days. The greatest proportion of opioid-na？ve patients still filling opioid prescriptions beyond 180 days postoperatively was seen after open rotator cuff repair (20.9%), whereas arthroscopic labral repair had the lowest proportion (9.8%). Overall, a history of alcohol abuse (OR 1.56), a history of depression (OR 1.46), a history of anxiety (OR, 1.31), female sex (OR, 1.11), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.02) had the most significant influence on the risk for long-term opioid use among opioid na？ve patients. Most patients were opioid na？ve before elective shoulder surgery; however, among opioid-na？ve patients, 1 in 7 patients were still using opioids beyond 180 days after surgery. Among all variables, a history of mental illness most significantly increased the risk of long-term opioid use after elective shoulder surgery
On the first-passage time of integrated Brownian motion
Christian H. Hesse
International Journal of Stochastic Analysis , 2005, DOI: 10.1155/jamsa.2005.237
Abstract: Let (Bt;t≥0) be a Brownian motion process starting from B0=ν and define Xν(t)=∫0tBsds. For a≥0, set τa,ν:=inf{t:Xν(t)=a} (with inf φ=∞). We study the conditional moments of τa,ν given τa,ν<∞. Using martingale methods, stopping-time arguments, as well as the method of dominant balance, we obtain, in particular, an asymptotic expansion for the conditional mean E(τa,ν|τa,ν<∞) as ν→∞. Through a series of simulations, it is shown that a truncation of this expansion after the first few terms provides an accurate approximation to the unknown true conditional mean even for small ν.
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